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| | | | World History timeline |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Herat, under Timurid princes, succeeds Tabriz as the main centre of Persian art | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The massive architecture of the Incas, consisting of finely dressed irregular blocks of stone, becomes a feature of Cuzco | |
|  | Masonry in Cuzco
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The oldest surviving spring mechanism (enabling clocks to become small and portable) is put to work | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | A warrior king, Ewuare, establishes the forest kingdom of Benin | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Coffee, derived from wild plants in Ethiopia, is cultivated in Arabia | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The Swedish Riksdag includes peasants as a fourth estate, alongside clergy, nobles and burghers | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The caravel, a sailing ship developed in the Mediterranean and used down the west coast of Africa, is adapted by the Portuguese for Atlantic use | |
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| 1450 |
| | | The French bring two small cannon on to the battlefield at Formigny, where they have a significant effect in achieving the French victory | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Christian boys, trained as slaves in the personal service of the Turkish sultan, acquire considerable power as the elite corps of janissaries | |
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| 1450 |
| | | Francesco Sforza, a soldier of fortune, wins power in Milan | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Paolo Uccello is interested in the laws of perspective, in works such as The Battle of San Romano | |
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| 1452 |
| | | Étienne Chevalier commissions from Jean Fouquet a series of illustrations for his Book of Hours | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The Turks terrify Constantinople by lobbing vast stones at the city from a 19-ton bombard of cast iron | |
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| 1453 |
| | | Constantinople falls to a 21-year-old Muslim conqueror, Mehmed II, bringing the Ottoman Turks their capital city | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The Christian emperor Constantine XI dies in the fighting in Constantinople, as the Greek Byzantine empire yields to that of the Ottoman Turks | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The French win a convincing victory at Castillon, recovering the last stronghold (except Calais) held by the English in France | |
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| 1453 |
| | | Charles VII's full recovery of Aquitaine and Normandy effectively brings to an end the Hundred Years' War | |
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| 1455 |
| | | An engagement at St Albans is the first battle in the 30-year struggle between the white and red roses of York and Lancaster | |
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| c. 1455 |
| | | Master ES becomes the first artist to produce engravings | |
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| 1456 |
| | | The Turks, besieging Belgrade, are dispersed by a peasant army inspired by the preaching of a Franciscan friar, St John of Capistrano | |
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| 1456 |
| | | A copy of Europe's first book printed from movable type, the Gutenberg Bible, is completed in Mainz | |
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| 1458 |
| | | Matthias Corvinus begins a long reign which brings Moravia, Silesia and much of Austria within the Hungarian kingdom | |
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| c. 1460 |
| | | Oil paints, long familiar in the Netherlands, begin to be adopted in Italy in place of tempera | |
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| 1460 |
| | | The Turks complete the occupation of Greece, which remains within the Ottoman empire until the nineteenth century | |
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| 1460 |
| | | On the death of his father, James II, James III becomes king of Scotland | |
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| c. 1460 |
| | | Andrea Mantegna combines an interest in classical detail and recently discovered perspective | |
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| 1461 |
| | | Francois Villon, recently released from prison, writes his Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past | |
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| c. 1461 |
| | | Albrecht Pfister publishes the first book with printed illustrations - Der Ackermann aus Böhmen ('The farmer of Bohemia') | |
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| 1461 |
| | | The first success in the Wars of the Roses goes to the white rose, with the Yorkist prince crowned as Edward IV | |
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| 1461 |
| | | Henry VI flees to Scotland, abandoning the kingdom to the usurping Edward IV | |
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| 1462 |
| | | Mehmed II, conqueror of Constantinople, begins to build Topkapi Sarayi as his palace | |
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| 1462 |
| | | In keeping with his personal interest in Plato, Cosimo de' Medici founds a Platonic Academy in Florence | |
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| 1462 |
| | | Portuguese settlers arrive to found Cidade Velha, on the Cape Verde island of Santiago | |
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| 1463 |
| | | The assembly brought together in Bruges in 1463 is later seen as the first full gathering of the Netherlands States-General | |
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